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Internet Network - Understanding Internet Network


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Network Internet - Network Understanding the Internet. Rapidly evolving technology, so there is a slogan that says "World in Your Hand Gemgaman", one of the technology that is phenomenal is the Internet, a network is so complex but really awesome then we call the Internet Network. The Internet is a network of computers that could be categorized as a WAN, connecting millions of computers worldwide, without borders, where every person who has the computer can join the network by simply connecting to the internet service provider (Internet service providers / ISPs) such as Telkom Speedy , or Indosatnet. The Internet can be translated as an international networking (international network), for connecting computers internationally, or as internetworking (networking between networks) for connecting a network of millions worldwide.

Internet began when the United States Department of Defense (Department of Defense, USA) built a computer network in 1969, which was named ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) in order to connect multiple computers that are in some universities doing military research, particularly for building networks computer communication that is able to withstand nuclear attack. This network continues to grow, more and more computers are involved, and the research side of software development are also growing. In May 1974, Vinton G. Cerf from Stanford University and Robert E. Kahn of the Department of Defense, USA, published a paper in IEEE Transaction on Communication entitled "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication", the concept was then known as TCP / IP protocol , when the ARPANET protocol to adopt standard protocols for ARPANET in 1983. The university, especially the University of California at Berkeley and then build the operating system of the Berkeley Software Distribution Unix) or BSD UNIX (known as Free BSD Unix) and the finance department of defense Bolt Baranek and Newman's (BBN) to implement TCP / IP in BSD Unix to be implemented on the ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet thus formed.

At the end of 1983, the ARPANET network divided into DARPANET (Defence ARPANET) and MILNET (Military Network). In 1985 the network was formed NFSNET (National Science Foundation Network) to connect the existing supercomputer in various American universities and connected to the ARPANET. NSFNET network developed by the researchers continue to college. In 1988 the Internet backbone network is only a capacity of 56 Kbps. Although in 1990 the ARPANET officially closed, but the internet that have been forwarded by the university formed in the United States and enter university networks in the Americas (Canada and South America) and networks in Europe to be part of the internet. In the year 1992 improved to a T3 backbone network with a speed of 45 Mbps, and around the year 1995 increased again, to OC-3 at a speed of 155 Mbps. Now high-speed Internet backbone in order Gbps.

Internet topology is basically a mesh-topology, connecting many types of networks via packet-switching systems, even if it can be said that his center is a NAP (Network Access Point) in San Francisco (Pacific Bell), in Chicago, (Ameritech) , New Jersey (Sprint), and Merit Access Exchange (MAE) in San Francisco (MAE West) and Washington, DC (MAE East) is handled by MFS Datanet.

Although there is no organization that has internet, but there are many organizations that maintain these networks through the establishment of standardized protocols, rules, and its method of access. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to handle the technical problems that arise on the Internet, such as problems in the protocols, architecture and operation of the Internet. Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) dealing with technical research, such as addressing and other engineering systems. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) controls the distribution of IP address (IP #) to various countries and organizations. Internet Society (ISOC) to handle administrative issues, and organizational structure of the Internet.

Commercial enterprises and provide access to services by providing a connection from a user's computer to the Internet, and the agency is called Internet access provider or ISP. Some well-known ISP in the world is America On Line (AOL), Australia OnLine, CompuServe, Genie, and Prodigy. In Indonesia there TelkomNet, INDOSATnet, Wasantara Net, InterNux, and so forth. ISP providing dial-up connection through a modem-telephone, wireless connection through WLAN antenna, or ADSL connections over the telephone. Connection protocol used is SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol) or PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), which SLIP connection is usually slower than the PPP.

IMAGE: Connection to Internet

Internet network logically divided into multiple domains, which according to the standard IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) are identified through IP numbers or four 32-bit binary numbers separated by dots (eg 192.168.10.25). Standard domain types include:

. Com = commercial organization
. Edu = educational institution in America
. Ac = academic institutions
. Gov = government institutions
. Mi = military organization
. Net = network access provider
. Org = non-profit organization

Besides domain may also be divided by country, for example:

. Au = Australia
. Ca = Canada
. Id = Indonesian
. Jp = Japan
. My = Malaysia
. Sw = Sweden
. Th = Thai